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Health Tips
Vaginal Related :
Adopt hygiene and stay away from vaginal disorders! Common problems faced by women include reddening, inflammation, itching and wetness around the vaginal area. You can overcome these problems with basic precautions and natural care. Read HelloDox tips and remains aware about natural cares for vaginal disorders.



सíव्हक्स (गर्भपिशवी आणि योनीला जोडणारा अवयव)च्या ऊतींमध्ये तयार होणारा कर्करोग म्हणजे गर्भाशयाचा कर्करोग. हा सामान्यत: धीम्या गतीने वाढणारा कर्करोग आहे, ज्याची लक्षणे दिसतातच असं नाही. पण नियमित पॅपटेस्टने त्याचे निदान करता येऊ शकते. (पॅप टेस्ट ही एक प्रकिया आहे, ज्यामध्ये सíव्हक्सपासून पेशीचा एक भाग काढला जातो आणि सूक्ष्मदर्शकाखाली पाहिला जातो.) हा नेहमीच पॅपिल्लोमा व्हायरस (एचपीव्ही) संसर्गामुळे उद्भवतो. ही गर्भाशय ग्रिव्हामध्ये असणा-या पेशींपासून निर्माण होणारी घातक सूज आहे. आता गर्भाशय कर्करोगामुळे मरण पावणा-यांमध्ये भारत जगात सर्वोच्च स्थानी आहे.

निदान कसे होते?
लॅब टेस्ट : डॉक्टर किंवा नर्स सíव्हक्सपासून पेशींचा नमुना काढतात. पॅपटेस्टसाठी लॅब गर्भाशय कर्करोग पेशी किंवा अ‍ॅबनॉर्मल पेशीसाठी नमुना तपासते, ज्यांवर उपचार केले नाहीत तर कालांतराने कर्करोग होऊ शकतो.
गर्भाशय (सव्‍‌र्हायकल) परीक्षा : डॉक्टर सíव्हक्स पाहण्यासाठी कॉल्पोस्कोप वापरतात. कॉल्पोस्कोप उती सहज दिसावी म्हणून मॅग्निफाइंग लेन्ससह ब्राईट लाईटचा वापर केला जातो.

टिश्यू सॅम्पल : कर्करोग पेशी पाहण्यासाठी ऊती काढून बायोप्सी करणे.

लक्षणे : गर्भाशयाच्या कर्करोगामध्ये पहिल्यांदा कदाचित कोणतीही लक्षणे उद्भवणार नाहीत, पण सर्वाधिक सामाईक लक्षण म्हणजे योनीमार्गातून अस्वाभाविकरित्या रक्तस्त्राव होणे पण काही केसेसमध्ये प्रगत टप्प्यांपर्यंत कर्करोग होईपर्यंत कदाचित सुस्पष्ट अशी कोणतीच लक्षणे दिसून येणार नाहीत. नंतर तुम्हाला कदाचित ओटीपोटाच्या वेदना किंवा योनीमार्गातून रक्तस्त्राव होऊ शकतो.

नियमित मासिक पाळी दरम्यानचा संभोगानंतर, डाऊचिंग किंवा ओटीपोटीच्या परीक्षणानंतरचा रक्तस्त्राव, मासिक पाळी हे दीर्घकाळ राहिल्यास आणि त्यावेळेस पूर्वीपेक्षा जास्त रक्तस्त्राव होणे यांसारखी इतर काही लक्षणे आहेत.

उपचार पद्धतींमध्ये सर्जरी (लोकल छेदनासहित) लवकरच्या टप्प्यामध्ये आणि केमोथेरपी आणि/किंवा रेडिओथेरेपी रोगाच्या सर्वाधिक प्रगत टप्प्यांमध्ये यांचा समावेश आहे. यामध्ये कदाचित सर्जरी, रेडिएशन थेरपी, किमोथेरपी किंवा यांच्या एकत्रिकरणाचा समावेश असू शकतो. उपचार पद्धती रोगाच्या गाठीच्या आकारावर अवलंबून असते, जर कर्करोग विस्तारित असेल किंवा तुम्हाला काही काळाने गरोदर बनायची इच्छा असेल. मुख्य कारण एचपीव्ही ट्रान्समिशन हे आहे, हा विषाणू लैंगिक संबंधातून पसरतो. सर्वाधिक स्त्रियांची शरीर एचपीव्ही संसर्गाशी लढण्यासाठी सक्षम असतात. पण कधीतरी या विषाणूमुळे कर्करोग होतो. तुम्ही धुम्रपान करत असाल, अनेक मुले असतील, दीर्घकाळासाठी गर्भनिरोधक गोळ्यांचा वापर केला असेल किंवा एचआयव्ही बाधित असाल तर तुम्हाला जास्त धोका असू शकतो. हा फक्त स्त्रियांमध्ये विकसित का होतो आणि इतरांमध्ये का होत नाही याचे वास्तविक स्पष्टीकरण डॉक्टर्स देऊ शकत नाहीत. तथापि, आम्हाला माहिती आहे की इतर स्त्रियांपेक्षा ठराविक धोकादायक फॅक्टर्स असणा-या स्त्रियांमध्ये गर्भाशयाचा कर्करोग होण्याचा धोका जास्त असतो. रिस्क फॅक्टर त्यांना म्हटले जाते, जे रोग विकसित करण्याची शक्यता वाढवू शकतात. अभ्यासानुसार असा निष्कर्ष निघाला आहे की, एचपीव्ही नामक विषाणू जवळ-जवळ सर्व गर्भाशयाच्या कर्करोगाचे कारण आहे. सर्वाधिक वयस्कर माणसांना त्यांच्या जीवनामध्ये कधी-ना-कधी एचपीव्हीचा संसर्ग होतो, पण सर्वाधिक संसर्ग स्वत:हून निवळतात. एचपीव्ही संसर्ग, जो नष्ट होत नाही व त्याच्यामुळे काही स्त्रियांमध्ये गर्भाशयाचा कर्करोग उद्भवू शकतो.

रिस्क फॅक्टर्स खालीलपमाणे
> धूम्रपानामुळे एचपीव्ही बाधित स्त्रियांमध्ये गर्भाशयाच्या कर्करोगाचा धोका अधिकच वाढतो.
> मौखिक गर्भनिरोधक गोळ्या (ओसीज) दीर्घकाळासाठी घेतल्या तर सíव्हक्सच्या कर्करोगाचा धोका वाढू शकतो. संशोधन सुचवते की, ओसीज घेणा-या स्त्रियांमध्ये गर्भाशयाच्या कर्करोगाचा धोका अधिकच वाढतो पण ओसीज घ्यायच्या बंद केल्या की धोका कमी होतो.
> असुरक्षित संभोगामुळे एचपीव्ही पसरु शकतो, म्हणूनच संसर्ग वाढण्याचा धोका कंडोम वापरुन कमी करता येऊ शकतो. तथापि एचपीव्ही सामाईक आहे आणि तो विस्तृत गुप्तांगामध्ये स्किन-टू-स्किन संपर्काच्या माध्यमातून मोठ्या पमाणावर पसरतो. सुरक्षित संभोगाद्वारे याचा प्रतिबंध करणे कठीण आहे.
> गर्भाशयाचा कर्करोग काही कुटुंबांमध्ये अनुवंशिक असू शकतो. जर स्त्रीच्या आईला किंवा बहिणीला गर्भाशयाचा कर्करोग असेल तर कुटुंबामध्ये कुणालाही कर्परोग नसणा-या स्त्रीपेक्षा या स्त्रीमध्ये रोग होण्याची शक्यता २ ते ३ वेळा जास्त असते.

गर्भाशयाचा कर्करोग नियमित स्किनिग टेस्ट करुन कमी करता येऊ शकतो. जर गर्भाशयाच्या पेशीमध्ये अस्वाभाविक बदल लवकर दिसून आले तर त्या पेशी कर्परोग पेशी बनण्यापूर्वी काढून टाकून किंवा त्यांना नष्ट करुन हा कर्करोग प्रतिबंधित करता येऊ शकतो.

1. Yellow Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy:
Here are a few reasons why you may notice a yellow colored discharge from your vagina while you are pregnant:

A yellow discharge from your vagina, especially while you are pregnant, could be an immediate signal towards a possible infection.

The neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cells, are present near your vaginal area, and can result in the yellowish color that you may see in your vaginal discharge.

2. Green Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy:
Here are a few reasons you may notice a green discharge during pregnancy:

Seeing a vaginal discharge during your pregnancy that is green can be a little daunting, and it is something you should also be careful about. If you do notice a green color in your vaginal discharge while you are pregnant, make sure you speak to your doctor about it immediately. The green color is often an indication of some or the other infection.

If you see a greenish vaginal discharge while you are pregnant, take a look and see if the green color is present throughout the discharge or if it is only in a few spots.

A greenish discharge from your vagina can mean that you have a chronic infection.
When you have any vaginal infection or an infection that may be present near your vaginal area, the neutrophils, which is a type of white blood cell, start multiplying in number. During an infection, these white blood cells become extremely active, and there are a lot of activities that goes on. As some of the neutrophils start to die, they break up into smaller pieces and give off a green colored pigment that is also known as verdoperoxidase. It is this pigment that makes your vaginal discharge look greenish.

Verdoperoxidase is a type of enzyme and is sometimes also referred to as the green mucus, due to its color and texture.
It is the enzyme that creates peroxidase activity that is present in pus.

Another reason that you could notice a green color in your vaginal discharge is the presence of vaginal warts. A wart is a type of growth that often occurs as a result of a viral infection as part of a sexually transmitted disease, or even otherwise. Warts may be the same color as your skin or could also be grayish. While they can appear anywhere in your genital area or anal region, warts that are present in your vaginal area can lead to a greenish discharge.

If you notice a strong and foul smell that accompanies your green vaginal discharge, it could also be a case of trichomoniasis. The other symptoms that you will notice in this case are a yellowish and greenish discharge, and the texture will be a little bubbly, or frothy. Trichomoniasis is a type of parasitic infection and in most cases affects your vaginal area, the urinary tract or even your digestive system.

Another possible reason that could lead to a greenish vaginal discharge is a condition known as gonorrhea. It is a type of venereal disease in which you experience discharge from your vagina that may appear a little frothy.

3. Pink Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy:
Here are a few reasons you may notice a pink colored discharge from your vagina while you are pregnant:

It is also possible that sometimes you notice a pinkish tint to your vaginal discharge, which can either be completely pink, dark pink or a pale pink.
In most cases, the pink color that you notice in the discharge from your vagina while you are pregnant is because there are small amounts of blood mixed in an otherwise white discharge.

The vaginal discharge could be tinged with blood and may have the type of color that you notice almost towards the end of your menstrual period when the blood flow is at its last phase.

One of the first times when you will most likely notice a pinkish discharge from your vagina after you have become pregnant is at the earliest days after you have conceived. It is most likely a case of implantation bleeding. Once you conceive, the egg that is fertilized makes its journey towards your womb and implants itself there, resulting in a little amount of bleeding. The pinkish discharge that you see at this time is the little bleeding that gets mixed with your regular white vaginal discharge and makes it pink.

Towards the last few weeks or days of your pregnancy, you may notice the pink vaginal discharge again. If it also has a thick consistency and has a texture like that of mucus, it could be a sign that your labor is due any time now and could be nearer than you realize.

Sometimes, a pink discharge during pregnancy could also point towards a severe infection in the vaginal area or your uterus. If you also experience any itching or pain along with the discharge, make sure you immediately speak to your doctor about it.
In some cases, a pinkish discharge from your vagina, while you are pregnant, could also mean that there has been a miscarriage. Sometimes, a silent miscarriage or a missed miscarriage can be the reason. It means that even though the fetus is not alive anymore, the body is not able to realize the same and continues to behave as if the pregnancy is still on.

In such cases, the body is not able to remove the pregnancy tissue from its system. In such a situation, the placenta will still keep releasing the hormones that are related to pregnancy, which is why all the symptoms of pregnancy, such as nausea, dizziness, distaste towards food and such may still be present.

Another reason that could lead to the pinkish discharge from your vagina while you are pregnant is if it is a case of ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is a type of pregnancy in which the fetus, instead of growing inside the womb, starts to develop outside the womb. In most cases in an ectopic pregnancy, the fetus starts to develop in the fallopian tube. It is a very serious condition that can be dangerous for the mother to be.

If you notice a pinkish discharge from your vagina towards the end of your pregnancy, it could also be because of a condition known as placenta previa, which is also known as abruptio placentae. It is a condition in which the placenta is placed in such a way that it either completely or partially blocks the opening of the uterus. In such a case, it becomes difficult for the unborn baby to be born via a vaginal birth. It is a condition that can cause internal bleeding, contractions in the uterus as well as severe distress to the unborn baby.

When Should You Call Your Doctor?

While it is normal to have vaginal discharge while you are pregnant, there are certain situations that may require immediate medical attention and you should speak to a doctor about it. Here are a few such situations that you should take note of and make sure to call your healthcare provider to understand what needs to be done:

You may notice an increase in your vaginal discharge which looks more watery, could be more like mucus in texture or could also have very prominent spots of blood present in it. The vaginal discharge could also be lightly tinged with blood, making it look more pinkish than white or red. Sometimes, it could also be a dark brownish color that looks more like dried blood. If you have not yet reached the 37th week of your pregnancy, it could mean that you are about to enter into premature labor. Make sure you immediately call your health care provider and inform about the same.

You could have a simple white discharge from the vagina that does not have any odor but feels very uncomfortable. Some symptoms that you may notice with such a discharge could be pain while you go to the bathroom to pee, or pain if you are having sexual intercourse with your partner after your doctor has given you the confirmation to go ahead. You may also experience some pain, soreness, tenderness around your vaginal area. In some cases, you may notice that the opening of your vagina has an inflammation and may also look red. If you do notice these signs and symptoms, it could mean that you have a yeast infection. Make sure you speak to your doctor and understand what you should do as a precaution and for treatment.

The signs and symptoms could point towards a very common sexually transmitted disease (STD) known as trichomoniasis. Some other symptoms could be itching or irritation in your vaginal area or the opening of the vagina, and redness or swelling in your vaginal area or the opening of the vagina. Additionally, you may also experience pain, discomfort or a burning sensation while you urinate or when you have sexual intercourse. Make sure you stop any sexual activity for the time being and speak to your doctor about it first.

Taking Care Of Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy:

Vaginal discharge is extremely common and even normal during the time that you are pregnant, but there is no doubt that it can be very uncomfortable and may also feel very unhygienic. If you want to make things a little bit more comfortable for yourself and also want to ensure that you do not have the risk of catching any infection, try out the following tips that could be helpful:

In case of a normal discharge from your vagina, you may want to use a panty liner if you feel the flow is quite heavy and regularly soils your underpants. Using a panty liner will help to absorb the discharge without letting it stain or spoil your clothes.

Instead of a panty liner, you could also use a regular sanitary pad if you feel you are more comfortable using the same. Make sure that you regularly change the sanitary pad, even if you feel that it is not completely soaked. Do change the pad at least once every four hours to avoid the chance of any possible infection.

Do not use tampons while you are pregnant, as it could lead to certain infections and may cause more discomfort than comfort.

It is always a good idea to keep your private parts clean and healthy so that you have a lesser risk of catching an infection, especially when you are pregnant. Make sure that you always keep your genital area clean and especially after each time that you use the toilet. Always remember to wipe from the front to back motion instead of the back to front motion. If you try to clean yourself from the back to front motion, germs from your anal region could come up towards your vaginal area and enter the same, which could lead to a possible infection.

Wear underpants that are only made out of pure cotton fabric, as these will absorb all sweat and make it difficult for bacteria and other germs to thrive.

Do not wear tight pants, stockings or nylon based products around your genital area.

Avoid taking bubble baths as some bubble baths can cause irritation in your vaginal area and lead to an infection.

Try to use non-scented soaps instead to keep your vaginal area clean.

No matter the type or color of vaginal discharge you experience while you are pregnant, make sure that you always keep your doctor updated about the same. Also, if you have any concern or feel any symptoms such as itching, burning, swelling, redness or anything else that is mentioned above, immediately speak to your doctor.

भारतामध्ये स्त्रिया त्यांच्या आरोग्याबाबत फारशा जागृत नाहीत. त्यामुळेच कॅन्सरसारखे अनेक गंभीर आजार अंतिम टप्प्यावर आल्यानंतर समजतात. अशापैकी एक म्हणजे सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सर. एकूण सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सरच्या रूग्णांपैकी एक चतुर्थांश रूग्ण केवळ भारतामध्ये आढळतात. म्हणूनच या आजाराबाबत समाजात जनजागृती आणि स्त्री आरोग्याकडे प्रामुख्याने पाहण्याची गरज वाढली आहे.

भारतात गोळा केले जातात सॅनिटरी पॅड्स

भारतीय समाजात अजूनही मासिकपाळी या विषयाबाबत फार खुलेपणाने बोलले जात नाही. परिणामी अनेक तरूण मुली आणि स्त्रियांचे आरोग्य धोक्यात आले आहे.
ग्रामीण भागात वैद्यकीय सोयींचा अभाव आणि मासिकपाळीदरम्यान कापड वापरण्याची पद्धत असल्याने अशा भागामध्ये स्त्रीया सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सरबाबत चाचणी करायला लाजतात. परिणामी अनेक स्त्रियांना वेळेवर योग्य उपचार न मिळाल्याने जीव गमवावा लागत आहे.

कशी केली जाते चाचणी

स्त्रिया सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सर संबंधी चाचणी करायला लाजत किंवा टाळत असल्याने आता वैद्यकीय सेवा त्यांच्यापर्यंत पोहचवून या गंभीर आजाराचा धोका ओळखण्यासाठी प्रयत्न सुरू झाले आहेत. याकरिता महिलांनी मासिकपाळी दरम्यान वापरलेली कापडं प्लॅस्टिक बॅगेमध्ये बंद करून आरोग्यसेविकांमार्फत डॉक्टरांच्या हवाली केले जातात. त्यानंतर ही कापडं -20 सेल्सियसमध्ये साठवली जातात. पॅड्समधून ह्युमन पॅपिलोमा व्हायरस (HPV) ओळखता येतो. हा व्हायरस सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सरला कारणीभूत ठरतो. ग्रामीण भागात अशाप्रकारे कॅन्सरचा धोका ओळखणं सोयीस्कर आहे.

सोयी सुविधांचा अभाव

महिलांमध्ये जननेंद्रिय स्वच्छ ठेवण्यासाठी आवश्यक सोयी सुविधा ग्रामीण भागात नाहीत. परिणामी मासिकपाळीच्या दिवसात त्यांना पुरेसा आराम, स्वच्छ स्वच्छतागृह आणि स्वच्छ पॅड्स/ कापडं न मिळाल्याने त्रास अनेक आजारांना आमंत्रण मिळते.

काय आहेत सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सरची लक्षणं

अनियमित मासिकपाळी ,

सतत होणारी पाठदुखी आणि ओटीपोटीच्या भागाजवळ होणार्‍या वेदना हे सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सरचे सुरवातीच्या टप्प्यातील लक्षण आहे.

मलविसर्जनातून रक्त जाणे.

थकवा जाणवणे - मासिकपाळी दरम्यान रक्त गेल्याने कमजोर वाटणे किंवा सतत थकवा जाणवणे हे सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सरचे लक्षण आहे. त्यामुळे 'त्या' दिवसां व्यतिरिक्तदेखील तुम्हांला कमजोर वाटत असेल तर सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सरची चाचणी करा.

एकाच पायाला येणारी सूज हे सर्व्हायल कॅन्सरमधील एक महत्त्वाचे लक्षण आहे. त्यामुळे वारंवार आणि अचानक पायावर येणार्‍या सूजेकडे दूर्लक्ष करू नका.
मोनोपॉजच्या टप्प्यानंतरही योनीमार्गातून रक्त जात असल्यास डॉक्टरांचा सल्ला घ्या आणि सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सरची शक्यता दूर करा.

HPV व्हायरसचा संसर्ग झाल्यास शरीराची रोगप्रतिकारशक्ती कमी होते. परिणामी भूकही मंदावते.

वारंवार आणि अत्यंत वेदनादायी पोटदुखी हे सर्व्हायकल कॅन्सर अंतिम टप्प्यात असल्याचे एक लक्षण आहे.

Dr. Vijay Satav
Dr. Vijay Satav
MD - Allopathy, Clinical Pathologist, 23 yrs, Pune
Dr. Bhagyashri Madake- Kuber
Dr. Bhagyashri Madake- Kuber
MS/MD - Ayurveda, Ayurveda Family Physician, 4 yrs, Pune
Dr. Nilima  Pawar
Dr. Nilima Pawar
BHMS, General Physician Homeopath, 12 yrs, Pune
Dr. Udaya Sahoo
Dr. Udaya Sahoo
MBBS, General Medicine Physician General Physician, 49 yrs, Khordha
Dr. Himashree Wankhede
Dr. Himashree Wankhede
MBBS, Ophthalmologist Cataract surgeon, 5 yrs, Pune
Hellodox
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